The famous neuroscientist C.S. Sherrington observed the cytoskeleton may act as the nervous system of
single cell organisms. Synaptic connections are formed and regulated by cytoskeletal polymers,including microtubules.

Penrose and Hameroff speculated that the cytoskeleton is like a micro myofascial system, within each cell. This micro myofascial system is made up of a skeleton of tubules filled with fluid and surrounded and interconnected from cell to cell by a viscous ground substance